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Basic Internet Technical Details The Internet utilizes a set of networking protocols called TCP/IP. The applications protocols that can be used with TCP/IP are described in a set of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFCs (Request For Comment). These documents describe the "standard" protocols and applications that have been developed to support these protocols. Protocols provide a standard method for passing messages. They define the message formats and how to handle error conditions. Protocols are independent of vendor network hardware, this allows communication between various networks with different hardware as long as they communicate (understand) the same protocol. The following diagram provides a conceptual layering diagram of the protocols. TCP/IP : Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TCP/IP is used to facilitate communication within a network of diverse hardware technology. Information is broken into packets (usually in the range of 1-1500 characters

When you start your computer, you may receive the following error message: There is no disk in the drive. Please insert a disk into drive \Device\harddisk\Dr1 When you try to print a Microsoft Word document, you may also receive the following error message: CiceroUIWndFrame,WINWORD.EXE\NoDisk\Device\Harddisk1\DR1 CAUSE This issue occurs when all the following conditions are all true: You have a removable drive, such as an Iomega Zip drive, configured as drive letter C. You do not have a removable disk in the removable disk drive. RESOLUTION To resolve the issue, use one of the following methods: Insert a removable disk in the removable drive before you start the computer. Change the drive letter assignment for the removable drive to a letter other than C. To change the drive letter assignments in Windows XP, follow these steps: Log on to the computer as Administrator. Insert a disk in the removable drive. Click Start, right-click My Computer, and then click Manage. Click Disk Managemen

Product summary The good: Swanky design with quiet operation; all games in high-definition; PSP-like, easy-to-use interface; plays Profile 2.0 high-definition Blu-ray movies in addition to upscaling standard DVDs; built-in Wi-Fi; 80GB hard drive; HDMI output with 1080p support; no external power supply; free online gaming service. The bad: Lacks full backward support for PS2 games; only comes with two USB ports; no infrared port means non-Bluetooth universal remotes aren't compatible; no flash card or memory reader; glossy black finish is a fingerprint magnet; online gaming, media, and commerce options not nearly as developed as Xbox Live. The bottom line: Even though PS2 backward compatibility has been dropped from this version, the 80GB PS3 is still a superb Blu-ray player and high-definition game console. Specifications: Product Description: Sony PlayStation 3 - Game console ; Media Type: BD-ROM , CD-ROM , DVD-ROM ; Processor: Cell Broadband Engine ; See full specs Price range:

The way how Intel and AMD are working on their processors is sometimes similar to marching as they both regularly come up with a new idea or a solution that nihilities difference between them. Of course, the difference is sizable nevertheless. So far Intel owns the processing domain while AMD has pulled off in chip architecture design. And only just a short while ago, on the 13th of November 2008 AMD has planed a great switch in production models. For very long time, from the mid 2007 to be more concrete, AMD production facilities were all given to their chip for Barcelona quad-core processor , now there is a new one called Opteron or Shanghai in its code name.Thinking over a Barcelona substitute, AMD developers decided to make the server chip smaller and faster, so they have added a number upgrades to shared L3 cash and SRAM, and have turned from 65 nm size to 45 nm. Such changes have required architecture revision, but everything is well made. Everything is also made to be compatibl

December '08 was the month when VHS tapes have officially gone for ever from Wal-Mart shelves, but luckily, now we have even more toys to play with instead of old-fashioned VHS players. It is now all about Blu-Ray image and sound quality. The latest news show that end users have got a handle on buying Blu-Ray disks because December '08 sales of those are 400 percents (1.5 million pieces) higher than a year ago. So, what do we have here is a new gadget that will help us enjoy every last bit of Blu-Ray quality sound on our PCs. It is a new audio card from Asus called Xonar HDAV1.3 Series that is one of the first audio cards that bring ultimate sound performance to PCs. Well actually we know of course that the first one was Xonar HDAV1.3 and Xonar HDAV1.3 Series is an enhanced version.The result of installing an Asus Xonar HDAV1.3 Series audio card must be very pleasing because what it does is: first – eliminating downsampling. It means that high quality audio tracks will not b

As is turns up, graphic cards have to do a lot more than just support latest DirectX 10 games and playback HD quality content. For instance, it would be great for a modern GPU to meet needs of a businessman who has to do presentations at work on big screens or plausibly uses more than one screen at the same time every day. All these via a laptop , or why not, a small form factor PC . Such a way GPU developers have a little bit different target group to satisfy, and here is what NVIDIA got for them. This is an upcoming NVIDIA Quadro NVS 420 graphic card. It will come out in February for 499 USD as manufacturer suggests.NVIDIA Quadro NVS 420 GPU may be aimed for multi-display functions and to fit some small dimensions, but of course it has enough guts to for almost any PC game out there. In fact, it has 512 MB in it and 11.2 GBps bandwidth speed, so, should be enough for a couple of years. However the main thing still is how it handles a number of widescreen displays. Thanks to NVIDIA

We all know from childhood that red traffic light means stop. If you usually drive safe, you obey the traffic light signals every time. Unfortunately, not everyone obeys them, which constantly leads to accidents. Why does this happen? Maybe they just do not notice the red light. In any case, this behavior is very dangerous on the road. The police tries to frighten drivers with huge penalties, installs cameras that detect violators... However, this problem may need another way to be resolved. What about... virtual wall that is synchronized with traffic lights?This interesting concept shows us how the problem of dishonorable drivers can be dealt with. The main parts of this system are two laser-equipped stands that stand just in front of each other at the different sides of the road. When the traffic lights turn red, lasers will display the wall that virtually stays in the way of drivers. This wall will show moving image of pedestrians walking across the road and will be clearly seen eve

Although we've heard a lot about the development of compact projectors that enable transmitting images or videos to any surface, there is still nothing of that kind. Yet, even now many companies say that they are about to produce these devices. One of such reports has been recently made by 3M Corporation. According to the given information this company designed a tiny projector, which can be integrated into the cell phones and transmit an image of VGA-quality. This gadget represents a very small projector that has about 1,3cm in width. But developers are sure that the diminutiveness of this device will not have an impact on its quality. Thus, given concept will be able to ensure VGA-quality of the image that can be considered as quite a high achievement in this domain. Moreover it is said that the diagonal of the image transmitted by this projector will reach 40 inches or even more. As Mike Kali, executive vice-president of 3M Corporation, declared their "project has finally

If you are a smoker, you must know that not only nicotine harms your health. Cigarettes contain many harmful tars that can cause lung cancer and many other diseases. Cigarette companies try to decrease tar level in cigarettes, but it is impossible to just throw it away. Tobacco can’t be grown to contain only nicotine, and there is no methods of tobacco refinement that is capable of removing those carcinogenic elements. However while there is no way to grow tobacco without harmful tars, there is a way to produce cigarettes without them. How? Make electronic cigarettes!Golden Dragon, Chinese company, designed a very interesting gadget.A battery powers the electronic cigarette. Energy produced by battery is enough to heat the nicotine inside and to produce smoke like usual cigarettes do. No harmful tars; only pure nicotine, in small concentrations of course.It is like nicotine gums, only much more effective. It can be helpful for somebody who wants to give up smoking, or at least make sm

Casio EX-F1 is the fastest digital camera in the world. EX-F1 can capture in salvo up to 60 pictures per second, at the maximum resolution of 6 mega pixels and record the video in Full HD format with 60 fps, or at a smaller resolution up to 1200 fps catching movements that can not be seen with naked eye. EX-F1 can also zoom up to 12 times, to reproduce slowing down images captured extremely fast on the 7 cm display due to Slow Motion View technology and to photograph with flash up to 7 times per second using Rapid Flash function. For capturing in poorly illuminated spaces EX-F1 allows frame capturing with up to ISO1600 sensibility. All these technologies are based on new CMOS sensor and ultra rapid LSI processor; witch where used by Casio for EX-F1. It can capture 60 pictures per second with just a push of a button, or 5 pictures per second in up to 12 seconds. Video recording can be set on Full High Definition resolution, 1980 and 1080 on 60 fps, or at the smaller resolutions for ca

We had seen many interesting watch gadgets . They have a great potential, because a) they are used every day by many people, b) they are a part of our life, and c) their features haven't been changed for ages. There was many tries to bring some advanced functionality into this usual thing: watches with microphones and recording features, watches with MP3 players and built-in flash memory, even cell phone watches. However, it is a very rare case when some popular cell phone company makes an accessory for its mobiles in form of a watch! This time, Sony Ericsson presented a line of Bluetooth watches that are created to be connected with its latest mobiles. The upcoming Bluetooth watch accessory lineup will be named MBW-150 for male models and MBW-200 for a female version. These watches are made in several versions. Male lineup includes classic, music and executive editions, and models for women include Sparkling Allure, Contemporary Elegance and Evening Classic. All these models

An alarm clock is the only thing that helps us to wake up in the morning. Hardly someone can get to work or university on time without using it. Nowadays the fact that everyone needs this device encourages producers to design a great number of different alarm clocks in order to meet consumers' needs. As a result we have a lot of various alarm clocks to fit any taste. For example, it's even possible to use your favorite song as an alarm. Yet, it doesn't mean that no innovations should be made in this domain.Thus, given gadget represents an absolutely different approach to the question. The main difference consists in the fact that it doesn't wake you up by means of annoying loud alarm, helping not to disturb people who don't need to get up. Device has quite a strange form that is of a ring. So, you just have to set the alarm for a certain time and put it on your finger. When the time comes, it starts vibrating. The only way to turn it off is to get out of your bed a

When we are going to the theatre or cinema, we want to watch and listen carefully, to enjoy the movie or play. And there are also warning signs "Please turn off your phones" there. Unfortunately, not everybody reads or obeys them. And it is awful when in the middle of a movie a quiet and intense moment is interrupted with somebody's phone call. Then the moment is spoiled completely. Now, with help of modern technologies, you can help people stop using their cell phones around you! GSM jammers usually are big, bulky and very expensive. But they are jamming huge area, why would we need to jam the whole block? One portable GSM jammer, which can fit into your palm, jams all GSM signals (850 - 1900 MHz) in 10m or 30ft around you. This makes it perfect to use in a theaters or cinemas. And because of small size, you can easily carry this jammer in your pocket.Nobody's phone will ring when this gadget is working! No broken moments ever again. But be aware - it is illegal in

When you are driving at night, the eyes rapidly get fatigued from the huge contrast between light from the headlights, and surrounding world. If we will not see what is surrounding us something bad might happen. Maybe some night vision device could help... But they are too bulky and expensive to be used in normal life. Tag Heuer, high-end sports watch maker, decided to correct this night driving problem, in a very elegant way.This glasses, originally designed for Le Mans 24 hour races, is invented to help driver see better at night and to reduce the eyes fatigue level. It is known that only 10% of light reaches photosensitive part of the retina. Therefore, these glasses are designed to boost the contrast on the darker areas and to reduce it on the very bright areas, so you will be able to see more at night. The pale yellow lenses offer constant clear, sharp vision with a very high light transmission rate in order to contrast dark blue and green surroundings without changing color perce

It is a real pain for a photographer to miss an interesting moment or picture. That's why they always take their huge cameras with them, so they won't miss it anymore. However, it still needs to be turned on and adjusted, so no momentary shots. What if you could take a picture of what you are seeing with only a wink of your eye? It surely is a fantastic idea, and some people are already working on this matter. Like this interesting sunglasses camera concept , brought to us by Japanese designer Mac Funamizu.Mac Funamizu tried to incorporate old and recognizable gesture of making a frame with fingers (like the movie directors do on television) into a modern and futuristic camera concept. The main idea is the placement of camera , which is built into the sunglasses and can see all that you are seeing through them. Position and size of viewfinder is adjusted right in front of user's eyes by position of two hands with L-shaped gestures. Then, if user is satisfied with frame si

Dubai is one of the most famous cities in the world that is known for its magnificent buildings and structures. In the near future one more splendid structure will be added to this list - an arch bridge designed by NY architecture firm Fxfowle. This bridge having one mile in length and 670 feet in height will be the largest and tallest arch bridge in the world. In addition to that according to available illustrations it will be one of peerless beauty. Construction of this bridge starts this month and will go on till 2012. As regards the total expenditures they are estimated at about 7 million. Moreover world's first vacuum tube mass transit system will launch in Dubai shortly thereafter.Thus, the architecture that looks like it's from the XXII century contributes a lot to the sheer grandeur of this city. So, in case Dubai goes on expanding that fast, it will soon create its own universe that would be absolutely different from everything in the world.

Why get headaches thinking what may the future bring us as you can feel the future today?The EzVision Video Eyewear gadget makes you travel through time to that cyber community future. This futuristic gadget represents new glasses with a weight of only 68g but with some spectacular features.First to start it you will have to plug it into your iPod video or into a portable video or DVD player if you wish to watch your movie in a breathtaking way, the same effect you may get when looking at a huge cinema screen.When you put them on the real world disappears for some time, and you get right into the movie. It is a thing you have never done before. It includes retractable headphones that are already built into the arms of specs.Now you may watch movies in your bed without disturbing your sole mate’s sleep, you may watch it in the back seat of your car and even when traveling by bus, train, or airplane.It has a rechargeable battery that lasts up to 8 hours, a volume control, adaptors to co

When selecting a car to purchase, we always look for our favorite colors. Somebody likes red; somebody likes white or black... Some cars, like Ferrari, have their own recognizable color, I couldn’t imagine a pink or green Ferrari for example. Sometimes picking the right color for your car is not easy. But in nearest future this problem will be solved. How? You’ll be capable of changing color of your car with a single push of a button!New technology called "paramagnetic" is a true revolution. Car is coated in a special way by iron (Ferrum) oxide while it is not painted yet. After that, it is processed with electricity in a certain way. This creates special crystals at the surface that can change their color.It woks better when coated on metal because it needs asmall amount of electricity to maintain the needed color. When the ignition is off, the car becomes white as it was at the beginning.This technology can create almost every color that human’s eye can distinguish, so it a

It is very annoying when in the most unexpected time the light bulb in your lamp passes out. If you do not have a spare one, you would be left with no choice but take it from other lamp in your house, or go shopping. But what if the lamp's lifetime will be around 200 years? Or let's think of another problem that comes along with light bulbs; its energy consumption. However, imagine that a 200 year lifespan lamp that needs no electricity to run. You probably thought that this is unbelievable and such a bulb does not exist. But it is real!Student from the Virginia Tech University has made an interesting concept that has already won the Greener Gadget award. The LED lamp that uses the most infinite energy source possible - the Earth gravity! The lamp, called Gravia, is about four feet tall, and it looks like a tube made from glass. Ten built-in LEDs are powered up by energy, produced by the movement of weight that slowly lowers. Just as an old grandfathers clock that needs to be

Famous Nikon , celebrating 80 Anniversary decided to make a retro present for all Nikon tradition and quality amateurs. Here it is – a new look to first consumer binocular from Nikon Sports and Recreation Optics. It looks totally the same as 80 years ago, but new updates is turning it to be extraordinary product, due to multicoated, anti-reflecting lenses, BaK- 4 prism, exterior is silver or black finished surface, new materials and technology .There is everything to provide with clear, bright, sharp viewing, with central focusing and 420-foot field of view, modern optical system is allowing to enjoy 9 degree view angle, all these, together in nostalgic retro body are real masterpiece of modern and old. It's small gadget , measuring only 1.9 by 4.5 inches, with weight less than 5 ounces. Small size and lightweight is making this gadget to be desired companion for detailed and sharp observation – both indoor and outdoor.Put it in your pocket or pursue and forget about it, so light a

While humanity goes up on the technological ladder, it is necessary to keep an eye on our surroundings. 20 age's technological boom increased our need in energy, and it greatly increased our negative influence on ecology of Earth. Now it is the time when we must learn on our mistakes, and find a new, clean source of energy for our needs. There already are several methods to make ecologically clean energy: solar batteries , windmills … Even the energy of ocean waves can be used! This interesting prototype that looks like a very long snake is meant especially for these purposes.This snake is called "Anaconda", and it is designed especially for capturing wave energy, which is an infinite (well, almost infinite) source of energy. Huge percentage of our planet's surface is covered by oceans, so it is a shame that we waste such powerful and huge source of energy while burning Earth's resources. The power of ocean waves bends Anaconda's body and pushes the generator,